function VC = calcul_VC(D_app, beta_0, beta_d, d)
    X = D_app(1,:)';
    Y = D_app(2,:)';
    n = length(X);

    VC = 0;
    for j=1:n
        D_app_loo = [D_app(:,1:j-1) , D_app(:,j+1:n)];
        beta = moindres_carres(D_app_loo, beta_0, beta_d, d);

        estimation = bezier(beta_0, beta, beta_d, X(j));
        VC = VC + (Y(j) - estimation).^2; 
    end

    VC = VC/n;
end