function estimation = moindres_carres_ecretes(D_app, beta_0, beta_d, d, lambda)

    X = D_app(1, :)';
    Y = D_app(2, :)';

    B = Y - beta_0 * (1 - X).^d - beta_d * (X.^d);

    A = zeros(length(X), d - 1);

    for i = 1:(d - 1)
        A(:, i) = nchoosek(d, i) .* X.^i .* (1 - X).^(d - i);
    end

    slope = (beta_d - beta_0) / (X(length(X)) - X(1));
    beta_barre = slope * (1 / d:1 / d:1 - 1 / d)' + beta_0;

    C = B - A * beta_barre;

    delta_chapeau = (A' * A + lambda * eye(d - 1)) \ (A' * C);

    estimation = beta_barre + delta_chapeau;
end